Indigenous knowledge on utility and utilitarian aspects of. Panduan lapangan pengenalan jenis pohon penghasil gaharu. Agarwood, or locally known as karas in malay is a tree species that could grow up to 60 cm in diameter. This plant is a large evergreen tree about 20 meters tall and 1. Microsoft windows 10 brings with it a new web browser, edge. About 25,00030,000 workers were engaged in cultivation, collection, processing and marketing of agar and agarbased. Gigantic 32 kg borneo aquilaria malaccensis agarwood wild. Aquilaria malaccensis definition of aquilaria malaccensis. The record derives from tropicos data supplied on 20120418 which reports it as an accepted name record 32000450 with original publication details. The resinous part called agarwood of genus aquilaria lam has been exploited as a source of incense by mankind since time immemorial besides its medicinal properties. Some of the chemical compounds identified from the aquilaria leaves are polyphenols, which may be responsible for its high antioxidant properties. They occur particularly in the rainforests of indonesia, thailand, cambodia, laos, vietnam, malaysia, northeastern india, bangladesh, the philippines, borneo and new guinea. Aquilaria malaccensis is absent from sarawak while other. Trade data included in this report was downloaded from the unepwcmc cites trade database on 1072007.
The report focuses on the harvest and trade controls for a. Seed viability is approximately 1 week and germination takes place between 1663. Total phenolic content tpc of this plants were determined by folinciaocalteu assay while antioxidant potential were evaluated by cuprac and dpph method. Lecomte from indochina and thailand and aquilaria sinensis lour. Aquilaria malaccensis agar wood, eaglewood, indian aloewood. You can download a version suitable for your system, free of. Aquilaria malaccensis, from india, and malaysia has lobes 2 3mm long. A new record of leaf spot disease on aquilaria malaccensis.
To open these files, you will need adobe reader software on macintosh os 89 or windows systems. The agar wood oil or aloe wood oil, known in the east as agar attar is obtained by distilling selected parts of the infected wood of aquilaria spp. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. The targeted pest larvae were fed with fresh leaf materials at regular intervals. Agarwood trade and trade controls foraquilaria malaccensi s the international trade in agarwood involves wood, wood chips, powder, oil, and, although not identified. Pdf format is a file format developed by adobe in the 1990s to present documents, including text formatting. We do not intend the plant list to be complete for names of infraspecific rank.
However, several attempts have been carried out to domesticate this species. Seedling survival and growth of aquilaria malaccensis in. Dec 18, 2014 this page was last edited on 15 september 2017, at 02. Aquilaria malaccensis on integrated taxonomic information system. Aquilaria beccariana van tiegh, aquilaria cumingiana decne ridl, aquilaria malaccensis lamk, aquilaria microcarpa baill, aquilaria filaria oken merr. Antioxidant activity of aquilaria malaccensis thymelaeaceae leaves a. Aquilaria malaccensis at encyclopedia of life aquilaria malaccensis at national center for biotechnology information. Essential oil pure agarwood aquilaria malaccensis natural attar 100 ml. There are fifteen species in the genus aquilaria of. Agar wood is the rare and famous, resincontaining heartwood produced from old and diseased trees of several aquilaria species of which aquilaria malaccensis, aquilaria crassna pierre ex h. Agarwood and its oils are highly prized in the perfumery and scent industry.
Due to rising demand for agarwood, as well as shortcomings in monitoring harvests and an increasing illegal trade, a. The plant list includes 49 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus aquilaria. Aquilaria malaccensis lamk locally known as sasi is a precious floral wealth of north east india belonging to the family thymelaeaceae. Because of the geographic focus of the volume, the selection of species is a bit of a mixed bag, including common species, species of secondary forest, but also a few that are becoming relatively uncommon, such as the gaharu incense tree aquilaria malaccensis. Aquilaria crassna, which comes from indochina, has lobes 12 15mm long. I declare that this thesis entitled extraction of the essential oil of aquilaria malaccensis gaharu using hydrodistillation and solvent extraction methods is the result of my own research except as cited in the references.
In this study, water extraction we and methanol etraction me of a. Despite its economic importance, the autecology of this species is virtually unknown. An efficient protocol for callus induction in aquilaria. Aquilaria malaccensis is an agarwoodproducing timber species used in many traditional remedies and modern therapeutic treatments and perfume industries. I declare that this thesis entitled extraction of the essential oil of aquilaria malaccensis gaharu using hydrodistillation and solvent extraction methods is the. Arunachal pradesh, assam, manipp,ur, meggy,halaya, mizoram, nagaland, sikkim and tripura. In the select file to insert dialog box, locate and. With the target pdf document open, choose document insert pages. International journal of agriculture, forestry and plantation. There are general laws that govern agarwood collection, processing, manufacturing and trade. Some of the key findings of this report are summarized below.
Select your pdf file and start editing by following these steps. Results show that mean seasonal survival was highest in green house 95. The weight is quite heavy when compared to the size of the wood but not sinking in the water. International journal of agriculture, forestry and plantation, vol. Most documents on our website are posted in one or more of three formats. The plant list includes a further 1 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus aquilaria. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. The edge broswer can view pdf files but does not support fillable forms. Aquilaria malaccensis karas di semenanjung malaysia, 2011.
In global market purest oudagarwood oil enjoys an exorbitant price tag owing to its mystical fragrance. Aquilaria malaccensis is an evergreen tree growing to 20 m 65ft by 8 m 26ft at a slow rate. Agarwood use and trade and cites implementation for aquilaria malaccensis. This page was last edited on 15 september 2017, at 02. The phytogeographical region for aquilaria malaccensiscomprises india, myanmar, sumatra, peninsular malaysia, singapore, borneo and the philippines. Agarwood scientifically known as aquilaria malaccensis lamk. An efficient callus regeneration protocol was established through leaf proliferation in aquilaria malaccensis lam. The criteria, parameters andor indicators used to prepare the nondetriment. Media in category aquilaria malaccensis the following 7 files are in this category, out of 7 total. The extremely high prices paid for high quality agar wood and for the essential oil and the indiscriminate felling of both diseased and healthy trees threaten natural stands of aquilaria including aquilaria malaccensis to extinction. Pdf on jan 23, 2019, mohd ibrahim and others published know your trees aquilaria malaccensis find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
Nik noor asma, nik wil and saiful nizam, tajuddin and nor adila, mhd omar 2014 chemical composition and antioxidant activity of aquilaria malaccensis leaf extract. It also grows well along hillsides and ridges, up to an altitude of 750 m. These are primarily included because names of species rank are. Aquilaria malaccensis polyploids as improved planting materials. Artificial production of agarwood oil in aquilaria sp. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of aquilaria. Antioxidant activity of aquilaria malaccensis thymelaeaceae. Aquilaria is a genus of fifteen species of trees, called lign aloes or lignaloes trees, in the thymelaeaceae, native to southeast asia. We studied seedling survival and growth of aquilaria malaccensis in three different environmental conditions homegardens, green house and in different canopy conditions of northeast india. Essential oil pure agarwood aquilaria malaccensis natural. Pdf files can be viewed using adobes free reader software.
Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Aquilaria malaccensis is the major source of agarwood, a resinous heartwood, used for perfume and incense. Aphrodisiac properties of aquilaria malaccensis leaves. The resin is produced by the tree in response to infection by a parasitic ascomycetous mould, phaeoacremonium parasitica, a dematiaceous darkwalled fungus threats. Its geographical distribution in peninsular malaysia is given in fig. Three closely related species of aquilaria are considered to be the major sources of agar wood and are distinguished by the length of their calyx lobes. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams. Adobe pdf files to read and print a pdf file, you must have adobe. The study was conducted to investigate the effects of aquilaria malaccensis leaves aqueous extracts aeam on the aphrodisiac properties, which included. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Import data and price of aquilaria malaccensis zauba. Aquilaria malaccensis agar wood, eaglewood indian aloewood at munnar 1. This species occurs on plain hillsides and ridges to 750 m altitude throughout peninsular malaysia except in perlis and kedah, while it occurs in the lowland mixed dipterocarp forests up to 270 m altitude in borneo yong et al. Indigenous knowledge on utility and utilitarian aspects of aquilaria malaccensis lamk.
If you want to convert your form data into pdf files, use jotforms pdf editor. International journal of agriculture, forestry and. Natural wild harvest aquilaria malaccensis agarwood from kalimantan borneo island, indonesia. Aquilaria sinensis, from china, has lobes 8mm long. Aquilaria leaves are often made into tea, and drops of agarwood oil are added to give a subtle aroma to the tea. It is commonly found growing in the plains of primary and secondary forest habitats. A number of other species are less important sources of agar wood, including some minor aquilaria spp. Aquilaria malaccensis thymelaeaceae is the principal source of gaharu, one of the most valuable tropical forest products in international trade.
However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. It is an evergreen tree growing up to 40 m tall and 1. One may wonder why the authors have not included drawings of all species, as the. Common names adlerholz in german indian aloewood in english malayan eaglewoodtree in english agarwood in english aloeswood in english eaglewood in english lignaloes in english orntrad in swedish bibliographic references. Although the species is widespread, it occurs at low density. Study on agarwood aquilaria malaccensis to evaluate. The resin is produced by the tree in response to infection by a parasitic ascomycetous mould, phaeoacremonium parasitica, a dematiaceous darkwalled fungus. Aquilaria malaccensis were collected from the field were brought to laboratory for mass rearing at a room temperature 25 28 c. For more multimedia, look at aquilaria malaccensis on wikimedia commons. The species is typically found growing at altitudes of up to m, being localized mainly in the foothills and undulating.
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